Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Ketamine disrupts neuromodulatory control of glutamatergic synaptic transmission

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213721

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( Ai ) Mean AMPAR-mediated uEPSCs in control (black) and baclofen (magenta) ± SEM (shaded areas). ( Aii ) 2PLU-evoked NMDAR currents and ( Aiii ) Ca2+ transients in control (black) and guanfacine (salmon), mean (solid lines) ± SEM (shaded areas). ( B ) Bars represent mean amplitude ± SEM of AMPAR currents, ( C ) NMDAR-mediated currents and ( D ) NMDAR-mediated Ca2+ transients in control (gray), in guanfacine (orange) or in baclofen (magenta) from vehicle- versus ketamine-treated mice. Ctr: control, GF: guanfacine treatment, Bac: baclofen treatment, Veh: vehicle injected, Ket: ketamine injected. *: p<0.05, Tukey’s multiple comparison test.

Article Snippet: The selective GABA B receptor agonist baclofen (Tocris), a drug primarily used as a muscle relaxant, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, was applied at 5 μM.

Techniques: Control, Injection, Comparison

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Ketamine disrupts neuromodulatory control of glutamatergic synaptic transmission

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213721

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( Ai ) Mean AMPAR-mediated uEPSCs in control (black) and guanfacine (orange) ± SEM (shaded areas). ( Aii ) 2PLU-evoked NMDAR currents and ( Aiii ) Ca2+ transients in control (black) and guanfacine (orange), mean (solid lines) ± SEM (shaded areas). ( Bi ) Mean AMPAR-mediated uEPSCs in control (black) and baclofen (magenta) ± SEM (shaded areas). ( Bii ) NMDAR-mediated uEPSCs and ( Biii ) Ca2+ transients in control (black) and baclofen (magenta) ± SEM (shaded areas). *: p<0.05, unpaired t-test.

Article Snippet: The selective GABA B receptor agonist baclofen (Tocris), a drug primarily used as a muscle relaxant, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, was applied at 5 μM.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: Glycyrrhizae Radix Methanol Extract Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference

doi: 10.1155/2014/152063

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of MEGR on METH-induced locomotor sensitization in rats. In this study, rats were given either saline or METH once a day for 6 days and then underwent 6 days of withdrawal; during the withdrawal period, either MEGR or DW was administered. The administration of METH over 6 consecutive days induced significant sensitization, which was attenuated by MEGR treatment. All data are expressed as means ± SEM ( n = 7). MEGR: methanol extract of G. radix , DW: distilled water, S: saline, MEGR60: 60 mg/kg/day MEGR once a day for 6 consecutive days, MEGR180: 180 mg/kg/day MEGR once a day for 6 consecutive days, SCH: a single SCH50911 (3 mg/kg) treatment. ## P < 0.01 versus a single METH group; $$ P < 0.01 versus S/DW/METH group; % P < 0.05, %%% P < 0.001 versus METH/DW/METH group; & P < 0.05 versus METH/MEGR60/METH group (one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls post hoc test).

Article Snippet: Additionally, to evaluate the possible involvement of GABAb receptors in MEGR-influenced expression of METH-induced locomotor sensitization, the selective GABAb receptor antagonist SCH50911 (3 mg/kg, dissolved in 5% Tween-80; Tocris Bioscience; Ellisville, MO, USA) was administered (i.p.) to the rats 10 min prior to MEGR treatment on the METH challenge day.

Techniques: Saline

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: Glycyrrhizae Radix Methanol Extract Attenuates Methamphetamine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference

doi: 10.1155/2014/152063

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of MEGR on the expression of METH-induced CPP in rats. In this study, rats were administered either METH or saline on alternating days for 6 days, and MEGR or DW was given 60 min prior to testing METH-induced CPP expression. METH treatment for 3 nonconsecutive days elicited CPP for the METH-paired chamber, which was blocked by pretreatment with MEGR. All data are expressed as means ± SEM ( n = 7). MEGR: methanol extract of G. radix , DW: distilled water, S: saline, MEGR180: 180 mg/kg/day MEGR, SCH: a single SCH50911 (3 mg/kg) treatment, ### P < 0.001 versus S/DW/S group; $$$ P < 0.001 versus S/DW/METH group (one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls post hoc test).

Article Snippet: Additionally, to evaluate the possible involvement of GABAb receptors in MEGR-influenced expression of METH-induced locomotor sensitization, the selective GABAb receptor antagonist SCH50911 (3 mg/kg, dissolved in 5% Tween-80; Tocris Bioscience; Ellisville, MO, USA) was administered (i.p.) to the rats 10 min prior to MEGR treatment on the METH challenge day.

Techniques: Expressing, Saline